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Abatement:
A reduction in amount, degree, or intensity.
Procedures to remove or to make safe of lead paint, asbestos, and other painted surfaces. This includes covering the surfaces with a coat of an impermeable paint product.
Absorption (Absorb):
The process of soaking up. When a substance is taken into pores, voids, or interstices of a material.
Accent Color:
Elements of color décor (often bright, deep, or strong colors) that have characteristics that is fairly different from the basic color scheme.
Acetates:
Organic solvents formed by combining various alcohols with acetic acid.
Acid Etch:
A surface treatment that uses a diluted acid to neutralize the surface.
Acidity:
The chemical character of a body in the presence of water, which is measured by pH (short for hydrogen potential). A pH from 0 to 7 = increasing acid medium and a pH from 7 to 14 = increasing alkaline or basic medium content.
Acrylic:
The family of organic acids with the generic formula of CnH2nCOOH. Acrylic acids are polymerized to produce film-forming materials that range from Plexiglas to latex emulsions.
Acrylic Latex:
Water based, emulsion type paint that contains an acrylic co-polymer as the binder.
Adhesion:
The ability of a coating to stick to a surface.
Air Dry:
The most common form of curing a coating in which drying takes place by oxidization or evaporation at regular room conditions; 60 to 75 degrees F, with about 40 to 60 percent humidity, by simple exposure to air without heat or catalyst.
Air-Assisted Airless Spraying:
An alteration of the airless spraying system. Pressurized air is used at the edges of the airless spray pattern to more fully atomize paint spray. A lower paint or pot pressure can therefore be used.
Airless Spray:
Unlike usual spraying, this system doesn’t require air, it uses hydraulic pressure. It is a process of atomization of paint by forcing it through the spray nozzle at high pressure.
Aliphatic:
A major class of organic solvents which are composed of open chains of carbon atoms. Many of these are used as solvents for alkyd and oil based paints such as the aliphatic hydrocarbons which are relatively weak.
Alkali:
Is highly destructive to paint films and can also be used to neutralize acids; such as lye, soda of lime, alkaline or strong alkaline solutions.
Alligation:
Fine cracks that have formed on a painted surface, that resembles an alligator’s skin. This can be a result of grease, dirt or wax buildup on the surface, poorly ventilated rooms, when the temperature is low, product in not mixed thoroughly, or applying thick films which prevent the under surface from becoming dry and hard.
Applicator:
A tool for applying material and/or a person who applies a coating.
Back Priming:
The process of painting or priming the back or unexposed side of material; generally, exterior siding and trim, to reduce the amount of moisture that can travel from the interior. This helps reduce the risk of cupping, swelling and blistering.
Back Rolling:
A technique used when freshly applied paint is smoothed out with an un-dipped roller to even out the appearance and improve consistency. Back rolling is not considered a second coat.
Base Coat:
A base coat can be either a coat applied straight to a substrate; to guarantee adhesion between the substrate and the coating, a ground coat, the plaster coat applied earlier to the finish coat, or a base coat for a decorative finish that shows underneath the glaze coat pattern.
Batch:
The total quantity of material that is produced as the result of one operation. Manufacturers usually apply a code on each unit filled from a batch so that it can be easily identified to the date of production and formula used.
Bleaching:
The process of restoring discolored or stained wood to its normal color or makig it lighter.
Bleeding Stain:
A stain that transfers through coatings applied to it. Usually, this is caused by the stain being soluble in the liquid volatile phase of the coating that is applied. As the volatile material evaporates, the solubilized stain is deposited on the surface.
Blister (ing):
A rounded projection, surface bubbles, that appears in a dry coating film, caused by paint applied over a wet, oily or dirty surface. Also occurs when water vapor escapes from the house interiors and from excessive heat during application that causes the surface to dry too quickly. In wall coverings, a blister is a bubble of entrapped air under the surface that hasn’t been smoothed out.
Blushing:
A defect that can occur during the drying phase of lacquer films. This is generally caused by moisture setting on an uncured surface, an opaque lacquer will lose its gloss and become flat or a clear lacquer will turn white or milky.
Breathe:
The ability of a coating or material to allow the passage of moisture vapor without causing blistering, cracking or peeling. See also Permeability.
Brush:
A tool made of bristles set into a handle. Natural bristles are used for solvent-based coatings; synthetic bristles or filaments are used for water-based coatings; and ire bristles are used for surface preparation.
Burnish (ing):
Commonly associated with the appearance of shiny patches on flat and low sheen finished after being rubbed or polished. Coatings can vary widely in their burnish resistance depending on the type and amount of pigmentation used in the product. Coatings with higher gloss generally have better burnish resistance than those with low sheens.
Calcium Carbonate:
(CaCO3) A white compound that occurs naturally in limestone, marble, calcite and chalk. The natural calcium carbonate is mined, ground, pulverized, and then classified as to particle size. Calcium carbonate is also produced synthetically by precipitation and frequently as a byproduct of another chemical process. Calcium carbonate pigments are slightly alkaline, relatively soft and dissolve in acids. They are widely used in interior alkyd and latex paints as extender pigments. Also known as whiting.
Cat Eye:
A defect in a paint film that appears during application or before dying of the film. It appears as a rounded area with slightly elevated rum and a thin film of coating on the bottom; in most cases, the surface is partially visible. See also Fish Eye.
Catalyst:
A chemical compound used to accelerate the reaction among other compounds. Usually this reaction causes the finish to be more durable without the catalyst.
Caulk:
A soft, resillient, puttlike material used for filling cracks and holes or for sealing around flashings, frames, piping, etc.
Chalk:
See Calcium Carbonate
Chalking:
The formation of a loose powder on the surface of a coating generally caused by the degradation of the binder that causes releases of surface pigment. Some pigments are known to chalk freely (e.g. anatase titanium dioxide) and are used to make self-cleaning paints. Ref. ASTM D 659.
Change Order:
A written order to the contractor (signed by the owner, owner’s representative or specifying authority) issued after the execution of the contract authorizing a change in the work, or an adjustment in the contract sum or the contract time
Checking:
The formation of small narrow breaks in a coating film that do not extend to the underlying surface. ASTM D 660 describes three types of checking: Irregular Pattern type, Line type and Crowfoot type. The various types are rated for severity by visual comparison to photographic standards, where 10 = no checking and 0 = severe checking.
Clear Coat (Finish):
A layer of a material, transparent in nature (often water white or of amber cast) over a colored basecoat, giving the final product depth and an added brilliance of color as well as durability.
Coating:
A generic term for a paint, varnish, lacquer, or other material evenly applied to a surface in a uniform adherent layer to fulfill a protective, functional or decorative purpose.
Color:
The selective reflection of light waves in the visible spectrum. Materials that show specific absorption of light will appear the color of the wavelength that they reflect.
Color Float:
The separation to the surface of a coating of colored pigments in a non-uniform manner. See also Floating, Flooding.
Color Range:
The extent of colors, tone, and hue. Paint manufacturer’s system of tint bases used in conjunction with colorants to produce a wide range of colors, including pastel, mid-tone, deep-tone, ultra-deep tones, and variations thereof.
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