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Calcium Carbonate:
(CaCO3) A white compound that occurs naturally in limestone, marble, calcite and chalk. The natural calcium carbonate is mined, ground, pulverized, and then classified as to particle size. Calcium carbonate is also produced synthetically by precipitation and frequently as a byproduct of another chemical process. Calcium carbonate pigments are slightly alkaline, relatively soft and dissolve in acids. They are widely used in interior alkyd and latex paints as extender pigments. Also known as whiting.
Cat Eye:
A defect in a paint film that appears during application or before dying of the film. It appears as a rounded area with slightly elevated rum and a thin film of coating on the bottom; in most cases, the surface is partially visible. See also Fish Eye.
Catalyst:
A chemical compound used to accelerate the reaction among other compounds. Usually this reaction causes the finish to be more durable without the catalyst.
Caulk:
A soft, resillient, puttlike material used for filling cracks and holes or for sealing around flashings, frames, piping, etc.
Chalk:
See Calcium Carbonate
Chalking:
The formation of a loose powder on the surface of a coating generally caused by the degradation of the binder that causes releases of surface pigment. Some pigments are known to chalk freely (e.g. anatase titanium dioxide) and are used to make self-cleaning paints. Ref. ASTM D 659.
Change Order:
A written order to the contractor (signed by the owner, owner’s representative or specifying authority) issued after the execution of the contract authorizing a change in the work, or an adjustment in the contract sum or the contract time
Checking:
The formation of small narrow breaks in a coating film that do not extend to the underlying surface. ASTM D 660 describes three types of checking: Irregular Pattern type, Line type and Crowfoot type. The various types are rated for severity by visual comparison to photographic standards, where 10 = no checking and 0 = severe checking.
Clear Coat (Finish):
A layer of a material, transparent in nature (often water white or of amber cast) over a colored basecoat, giving the final product depth and an added brilliance of color as well as durability.
Coating:
A generic term for a paint, varnish, lacquer, or other material evenly applied to a surface in a uniform adherent layer to fulfill a protective, functional or decorative purpose.
Color:
The selective reflection of light waves in the visible spectrum. Materials that show specific absorption of light will appear the color of the wavelength that they reflect.
Color Float:
The separation to the surface of a coating of colored pigments in a non-uniform manner. See also Floating, Flooding.
Color Range:
The extent of colors, tone, and hue. Paint manufacturer’s system of tint bases used in conjunction with colorants to produce a wide range of colors, including pastel, mid-tone, deep-tone, ultra-deep tones, and variations thereof.
Color Retention:
The ability of a coating to show little change in color after exposure to weather (i.e. ultraviolet radiation), heat or chemical attack.
Color Run:
The amount of wall covering produced at one time. A repeat run at another time will probably not match the color of the original run and is given another run number.
Color Scheme:
A selection of colors intended to complement or create a desired visual effect.
Color Spectrum:
A representation of the full range of visible colors composed from the primary colors of blue, red, and yellow.
Color Uniformity:
The ability of a coating to appear or maintain a uniform color after drying or exposure to the environment.
Color Wheel:
A chart, on which complementary colors (or their names) are arranged on opposite sides of a circle, (often a 12 segment wheel, containing 3 primary, 3 secondary, and 6 intermediate colors). Used in color decorating.
Colorant:
A dispersed pigment in a medium. A concentrated liquid (or dry) color that is added in order to tint paints to obtain a chosen color. In most paints, a universal colorant is used due to its broad compatibility with various solvent and binder types. See also Tinting Colors and Universal Colorants.
Combustible:
A material capable of catching fire and burning easily. A liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C.).
Complementary Colors:
Two colors that are directly opposite from one another on a color wheel.
Complete Cure:
The final state of a paint or coating. A coating is said to be at complete cure or fully cured, when the designed degree of reaction has been completed and the physical and chemical resistance properties have achieved their maximum potential.
Cornice:
A decorative horizontal molding of precast concrete, molding plaster, fiberglass, plastic or wood usually installed to the top of a wall.
Coverage:
The area over which a coating can be spread to attain a specified film thickness. Often, used interchangeably with spreading rate or in relationship to hiding power.
Cure:
To initiate the conversion of a polymer to its final, stable condition. Describes the drying or hardening of a film through hear, oxidation, chemical reaction or a combination of the former.
Cutting In:
A brushing technique used to create a clean sharp edge such as at the intersection of a wall and trim, or the brush application of a coating to areas that cannot be reached with a roller.
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